Modernizing The Nuclear Triad

The United States has relied on its nuclear triad as a cornerstone of its national security strategy for decades. These air-, land- and sea-based nuclear weapons have successfully deterred adversaries since the Cold War. As the weapons near the end of their lifespan, the triad has come under increased scrutiny amid a changing security environment. China and Russia have been modernizing their nuclear inventories, creating pressure on the U.S. to keep up.

The triad currently consists of 400 Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), 14 Ohio-class ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) armed with Trident II D-5 submarine-launched ballistic missiles and 66 B-52H and B-2A Spirit bombers that can carry nuclear gravity bombs and cruise missiles. There are also dual-capable tactical aircraft, such as the F-15E Strike Eagle, that can employ nuclear gravity bombs. The hefty price tag for nuclear modernization has some asking whether all three legs are still necessary.

Critics argue that maintaining three legs is redundant and expensive, suggesting that the money would be better spent elsewhere. Proponents say that the triad provides a diverse and reliable deterrent that cannot be replaced by a single system.

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